Soon a cluster of igloos went up, which Ross sketched and called “snow cottages.” Ross also instructed the ship’s carpenter to fashion a wooden leg, inscribed with the ship’s name, for an Inuit man who had lost his to a polar bear. This is nothing different than what we've been traveling through for days. It often associated with all Inuit and Eskimo peoples. The Inuit said that some of their relatives had sold meat to the starving qallunaat a few years earlier, and told Rae that they had come upon the remains of the sailors in the area of the Great Fish River. The 19 castaways were helpless and alone. Skipping ahead a few hundred years, we come to the English mariner Martin Frobisher, whom you might remember from our first episode. The Most Surprisingly Serendipitous Words Of The Day. So they were very curious about these people. The two or three hunters who have gone out to the ship in their kayaks hand over the barrel and begin to eat with both hands. That’s how it got its name, Naparuqsivik—’where the poles are set up.’ That name is still in use today.”. It ended up as building material all over Elizabethan England. The movement gained steam in the early 20th century thanks to its emphasis on pseudoscientific evidence, which was misinterpreted from ethnographic studies of world cultures. In my book I mentioned that in 1967, an elderly man in the little village of Siorapaluk reminisced about Peary, whom he called the Great Tormentor. The Inuit built snow huts that served as their shelter. Thanks to our experts Krista Ulujuk Zawadski, Russel Potter, and Kenn Harper. I don't think Inuit today necessarily think about explorers as like a detriment. When he went to visit their igloo, Hannah said, "Hello, sir, would you care for a cup of tea?" And Inuit life continued on as usual. When they did describe the people who lived there, they portrayed them as relics of the Stone Age; quote-unquote “savages”; or child-like folk who needed paternalistic guidance from whites. She was also suffering from a disease that historians believe was measles, and died four days later. Harper: They referred to Matthew Henson as Mahri-Pahluk. The first winter passed with the Victory crew and the Netsilingmiut enjoying friendly relations. And he not only worked with them and had them work for him, but he lived with them. The show is edited by Dylan Fagan. This was the golden age of scientific racism, when proponents of eugenics sought to scientifically “improve” the human race by allowing only people with desirable intellectual and physical characteristics to have children. That's what I just can't quite understand or get my head around. “The old stories say that the Inuit were so terrified of these white men in the rowboats, that thinking they were not of this world, they started shooting arrows at them,” Inookie said, several centuries later. And Peary knew that he was not going to do this without the assistance of the local people. The following day, Ross sees a group of Inughuit approach the gifts. Several hours later, Ross writes, “the dog was found sleeping on the spot where we left him, the presents remaining untouched.”. Includes personality, history, dog pictures, dog health info, and more. The Inuit man was named Kalicho, while the woman was called something like Arnaq, and her baby was called Nutaaq or Nutioc, although these words may have meant “woman” and “child” in their language. This 19th-century engraving shows American explorer Charles Francis Hall (center) with Taqulittuq (Tookoolito, left) and Ipirvik (Ebierbing, right). So he decided to make use of his time there. Sacheuse seems to have enjoyed living in Edinburgh. But early explorers did leave their mark in another, noticeable way. More than 40 Indigenous groups totaling over a million people live in the circumpolar Arctic today, but in this episode, we’re going to focus on the peoples of what is now eastern Arctic Canada and Greenland. Roughly two decades later, Robert E. Peary built on and expanded Hall’s modus operandi. He was on the land, traveling. You always had the feeling that if you didn't do what he wanted, he would condemn you to death. That was his Inuktut name. Here’s Krista Ulujuk Zawadski. There are some other notable such words: 1) Cummerbund (piece of material worn around the waist): word derived from kamar (waist) and bundh (binding) The sponsors were much more interested in Frobisher’s rock samples, anyway. Dans la culture occidentale moderne, un bisou esquimau [1] est un baiser dans lequel les nez des deux personnes sont pressés l'un contre l'autre. Sled dog Racing (types: long-distance, mid-distance, sprints, stage races) Balto (see book suggestion below) Sled dog team (different "positions" -- what does each dog do?) But for some reason, that didn’t happen. Russell Potter: Hall did not go up with a lot of equipment, and his idea was just to hire somebody, and as it happened the ship he went up on didn't get anywhere near where he wanted to go. In the drawing, Ross and Parry are in full naval dress, complete with bicorne hats and gold-fringed epaulets, looking extremely out of place. I lived in the Canadian Arctic, plus two years in Greenland, for a total of 50 years, that's five, zero, not one, five. I started out as a school teacher, and ended up in business. Zawadski: Some of the legacies that explorers have left, or some of the impacts that explorers have made is the names on our maps, like Hudson. And they also knew that both Peary and Henson had relationships with Inughuit women, and both had children with them. Many families in the area repurposed the thick copper sheathing from the Victory’s hull to make traditional seal-oil lamps.Â, Zawadski: One of the misconceptions that there might be is this idea that the explorers came and it was like, "Damn, the world changed for Inuit." When we rose in the morning and went outside, the sea had gone down, and the ice upon which we stood our house had dwindled down to a little round piece.”. In our language, we call it something else. The Indian pipe is copied from the Eskimo, as the latter were the first to obtain and use tobacco. On August 26, 1833, a ship did spot the whaleboats and sent out an officer in a boat to meet them. In 1577, they sent Frobisher back to Baffin Island with a direct order to stop exploring and focus on gold mining.Â, As the men hacked at the ore, Inuit watched from a nearby hill, wondering why the qallunaat were obsessed with this worthless rock. “As we advanced far south, we had a heavy swell, and, in the pitch dark night, the floe, our refuge, split in two,” Hans wrote. The qallunaat came with their huge ship,” a revered elder named Inookie Adamie told the Canadian anthropologist Dorothy Harley Eber around the start of the 21st century. Their “gold” was actually worthless iron pyrite—just like the Inuit knew. Like I said, a lot of the change that occurred for Inuit was around the whaling era. But, tragically, the baby died just over a week after arriving in the capital. Even in the mid-20th century, a respected shaman pointed to the shiny flecks in a river, and said to his grandson, “Never show that to the qallunaat—it steals their minds.”, Though mining was their sole objective, Dionyse Settle, one of the ship’s masters on this voyage, took note of the Inuit customs. So that's how Imina remembered Peary. An elder named Udluriak Inneak told Dorothy Harley Eber in the 1990s that her ancestors “used to talk about the Queen’s people. They believed they contained gold. As Ross wrote, “I requested to know the name of his vessel, and expressed our wish to be taken on board. …  [The mate] assured me that I had been dead for two years. He convinced himself that there could still be survivors from Franklin’s expedition. See more. His choice to live as the Inuit did was one that no explorer had then made. Joe and Hannah were aboard, plus a German surgeon named Emil Bessels. Library List Balto and the Great Race by Elizabeth Cody Kimmel He scared everyone.”. He too was buried at St. Olave’s Church. His big ship, it made a big impression on us. In episode 2, we mentioned Sir John Franklin, and how his lavishly outfitted expedition to find the Northwest Passage in 1845 seemed to disappear into the Arctic labyrinth. There, the crew hoped to repair the Fury’s whaleboats, obtain provisions, and sail to Lancaster Sound, where they hoped the European whaling fleet would be able to rescue them.